INFRARED COAGULATION

Infrared Coagulation is a non-surgical procedure used to treat internal hemorrhoids. In this the doctor uses a device that creates an intense beam of infrared light. Heat created by the infrared light causes scar tissue, which cuts off the blood supply to the hemorrhoid. Infrared Coagulation is known as a fixative treatment, and is similar to other fixative treatments like Rubber Band Ligation and Sclerotherapy, in that its objective is to reduce Hemorrhoid symptoms by eliminating Hemorrhoids through obstruction of blood-flow to the affected region. Individuals can suffer from a variety of Hemorrhoids, each case presenting its own symptoms and necessitating different courses of treatment. Also used for stoppage of bleeding.

COLONOSCOPY

Colonoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the colon and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a Fiber Optic Camera on a flexible tube passed through the Anus. It may provide a visual diagnosis (e.g. Ulceration, Polyps) and grants the opportunity for biopsy or removal of suspected lesions. During a colonoscopy, tissue samples can be collected and abnormal growths can be taken out. Colonoscopy can also be used as a screening test to check for cancer or pre cancerous growths in the colon or rectum

SIGMOIDOSCOPY

A minimally invasive medical examination of the large intestine from the rectum through the last part of the colon is called Sigmoidoscopy. There are two types of Sigmoidoscopy, flexible Sigmoidoscopy, which uses a flexible Endoscope, and rigid Sigmoidoscopy, which uses a rigid device. Flexible Sigmoidoscopy is generally the preferred procedure. A Sigmoidoscopy only examines up to the sigmoid, the most distal part of the colon, while Colonoscopy examines the whole large bowel. Also used to finding the abnormalities of the large intestine, leading abnormal growth, polyps etc. and used for taking biopsy.

TREATMENT DETAILS ABOUT PILES FISSURE & FISTULA

NON SURGICAL / NON INVASIVE

Piles i e. Hemorrhoid and Fistula are diseases of blood vessel, either artery or vein. When distended blood vessels further distended or compressed may rupture and cause even torrential bleeding inside the anal canal. Piles is varicose vein of anus and rectum, it is also said to be aneurysm of blood vessel.
Causes

• Gravity - Erect Posture. So occurs only in humans and not in animals.
• Heredity - If one parent is having piles, the chance is higher in children and if both parents have piles, the chance for children is still higher.
• Diet - Low fiber content in diet; fast food, tinned food, soft food, bakery food, lack of fruits and vegetables.
• Smoking, alcohol, too much intake of chillies and spices and low intake of fluids.
• Habit and Occupation - Constipation, diarrhea, sedentary life, lack of exercise, long sitting and standing, continuous cycle riding.
• Frequent enema, excessive use of cold water

Symptoms

• Mass per rectum bleeding per rectum Constipation
• Feeling of incomplete emptying even after defecation
• Feeling of frequent emptying
• Frequency of irritation, pain motion, burning, itching.
• Retention of urine.
• Incontinence of urine and motion
• Blood in motion:

(a) mixed with motion
b) marking
c) spraying
d) fresh flow
e) clots

Treatment

• Bengali Ligation - Crude and unscientific. Not observing sterile Technique. Even educated people are misled.
• Rubber band ligation -Not effective. Temporary benefit for early piles only.
• Injections of sclerosis agents - obsolete and not effective
• Haemorrhoidectomy (Surgical removal of d) Needs longer hospitalization, Expensive, requires more man power and money. Does not guarantee 100% cure.
• Cryosurgery - (Karikal) - Using ice and C02, Not effective, recurrence definite.
• Stapling - Expensive and not very popular; Not without complication.
• I.R.C - (German Technique) -infra Red Coagulation, less expensive, less pain, Effective for early piles, internal piles and for controlling bleeding.
• KM 25 (DGHAL) (American Technique) -Vessel ligation Technique. Detecting the pulsation of the vessels using Doppler Guided Ultra sound and ligating the vessel. Very effective for internal hemorrhoid. Treatment time less than half an hour. Less pain, less bleeding and day care procedure. Can go home on the same day. Can do the routine from the next day.
• C.T. Laser - Modern and effective method. Less pain, less bleeding, day care procedure, No recurrence, almost 100% effective for piles, fissure and fistula (both low & high)
• HFLT - Modified form of laser: Less penetrating and hence less chance for charring and carbonization. Effective in presence of water and blood.

H FISSURE

Cracks or cuts around the anus. Fissures appear in succession. Earlier ones heal and later ones appear causing scarring and stricture. Needs Anal dilation.
Symptoms - Pain, Constipation and bleeding.
Food - Patients better to avoid chillies and low fiber content diet.

FISTULA (LOW AND HIGH)

Holes or opening in and around the anal canal. May remain healed at times and symptomatic at other times. Causing discharging, pus, fluid, blood, motion or both.
(i) Low fistula: Treatment: Using laser either cutting open or blind.
(ii) High fistula: Blind laser treatment May require 2nd sitting.

RECTAL PROLAPSE

Due to laxity of pelvic muscles.
(a) Partial (mucosal) Treatment: mucosal ligation and laser excision.
(b) Complete: AH layers prolapsed
Treatment:
Tightening of anal sphincter and fixing the rectum of the pelvic muscles.
Causes of Rectal Prolapse:
1.Congenital
2.Acquired Due to diarrhea, malnutrition